An avalanche starts as a delicate balance between the snowpack and environmental factors. The accumulation of snow over time can lead to layers forming, each influenced by temperature fluctuations, wind, and moisture. When the weight of new snow builds up on top of older, denser layers, tension increases. Factors that contribute to an avalanche include:
- Weather Changes: Sudden temperature rises or heavy snowfall can destabilize the snowpack.
- Slope Angle: Steeper slopes are more prone to avalanches due to gravity.
- Human Activity: Skiing or snowboarding can trigger avalanches when they alter the weight distribution.
When conditions are right, a small trigger can release a massive volume of snow. The snowpack overcomes friction, and the result is a rapid descent down the mountain. This powerful force can create a wide range of avalanche types, categorized mainly by their movement and composition. Below is a simplified comparison of the different types of avalanches:
| Type of Avalanche | Description |
|---|---|
| loose Snow Avalanche | Occurs when loose snow slides down and pulls more snow wiht it. |
| slab Avalanche | Involves a cohesive layer of snow releasing from its base, frequently enough the most dangerous. |
| Wet Avalanche | Forms when warmer temperatures melt the snowpack, resulting in slushy movement. |